Almost one in two men faces prostatitis at different ages. This disease is associated with an inflammatory process in the prostate, which can be caused by stagnant processes in the pelvic region, various infections. In the event that the result of the analysis showed the presence of pathogens in the secret of the prostate gland, the doctor diagnoses bacterial prostatitis. Why does the disease develop and how is it treated?
Causes
Based on the name, it becomes clear that the main reason for the development of the disease is the entry of bacteria into the prostate. The causal agents can be:
- Intestinal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Enterococcus.
- Klebsiella.
- Enterobacter.
- Proteus.
- Sexually transmitted infections.
Many pathogenic microorganisms are always in the human body without damaging it. However, when favorable conditions arise, the infection begins to actively develop, causing disease. These favorable conditions for bacteria include:
- Urinary tract diseases.
- Bacterial infections that develop in the body and can enter the prostate gland through blood or lymphatic fluid.
- Phimosis of the prostate.
- Acute epididymitis.
- Urethral catheterization.
- Reflux (intraprostatic or uretroprostatic), when disease-causing organisms enter the prostate.
- Transurethral operations that were performed without prior antibiotic therapy.
- Violation of urination due to the abnormal structure of the bladder.
- Conditions associated with a decrease in immune defenses (AIDS, diabetes, hemodialysis procedure).
When bacteria enter the prostate area, the pathogenic microflora begins to actively develop, and an inflammatory process appears in the organ.
Risk factors that increase the chance of developing prostatitis include:
- Frequent diseases of the genitourinary system of an infectious nature.
- The presence of helminthic infestations and other parasites.
- Genetic predisposition.
- Incomplete or untimely emptying of the bladder.
- Hypothermia.
- Irritation of the urethra with chemicals.
- Promiscuous sex life, lack of contraception.
The main causes of the development of inflammation of the prostate gland.
- Prolonged sexual abstinence.
- The presence of bad habits.
- Weakening of immunity.
- Inadequate nutrition.
- Dehydration of the body.
- A sedentary lifestyle, which leads to the appearance of stagnant processes in the pelvic area.
- Frequent stressful situations.
Symptoms
It is simply impossible not to notice the symptoms of bacterial prostatitis, since this form of the disease begins acutely. The patient is concerned about:
- Increased body temperature, accompanied by chills.
- Painful sensations in the perineum, lower abdomen and lower back.
- Pain when urinatingThe patient notices pain and burning sensation in the urethra, which are felt especially at night.
- Difficulty urinating, feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.
- Constipation is possible due to compression of the anus by an inflamed prostate.
- Signs of body intoxication (headache, general body weakness, body aches).
- Discharge from the urethra
Symptoms of the disease also vary depending on the stage of bacterial prostatitis:
- At the beginning of the disease, the inflammation does not spread outside the prostate. A man is concerned about pain in the perineum, which can radiate to the sacrum area. Urination is fast and painful.
- In the second stage, the inflammation passes to the lobes of the prostate gland. In this case, the pain increases and can be transmitted to the anus. Urination is significantly altered, until its complete retention.
- With an advanced form of bacterial prostatitis, the inflammation spreads to all lobes of the prostate. The patient complains of signs of general intoxication of the body. Body temperature rises to 40 degrees. The delay in urination becomes acute. There are pulsating sensations in the perineum. Frequent constipation occurs.
Possible complications
In case of untimely or poor quality treatment, acute bacterial prostatitis can seriously harm a man's health and life. The most dangerous of them is sepsis.
Also, the infection can rise above the prostate gland and cause pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Bacterial prostatitis can turn into a chronic form, the treatment of which is often difficult and leads to complications such as: adenoma, infertility, impotence, etc.
Diagnostics
Since bacterial prostatitis has characteristic symptoms, it is usually quite easy to diagnose it. If the disease is not acute, the doctor will perform a rectal exam by probing the area of the gland and taking a sample of the discharge for analysis. The following studies help make a diagnosis:
- Clinical and bacterial analysis of the patient's blood and urine.
- Prostate ultrasound.
- Blood PSA.
- Scraping analysis of the epithelium of the urethra.
Treatment
The danger of bacterial prostatitis is that it can become chronic in the shortest time possible. Therefore, it is very important to start treatment by identifying the first signs of the disease. After all, the chronic form of the disease contributes to the spread of the inflammatory process to the surrounding tissues and organs. If you ignore treatment and don't take certain medications, the prostate can completely atrophy.
Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial prostatitis. Only a doctor can recommend this or that drug after examining it and obtaining the result of microbiological tests.
Treatment with antibacterial drugs is considered the most suitable for the bacterial nature of the disease. Due to the fact that antibiotics can make organ tissues permeable, the drug can freely penetrate the site of inflammation.
In the treatment of bacterial prostatitis, the following antibiotics are prescribed:
- Ampicillins.
- Macrolide preparations are quite effective in fighting many disease pathogens.
- Cephalosporin drugs are effective in the acute phase of the disease.
- Fluoroquinolones are very susceptible to many bacteria. Due to the fact that these drugs have a large number of side effects, they are prescribed with caution.
- Tetracyclines can be difficult to tolerate, therefore, recently, they are very rarely prescribed.
The course of antibiotic treatment cannot be less than 10 days.
Also, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for treatment. They effectively relieve pain and inflammation of the prostate.
If problems with urination are observed, the patient is shown the use of alpha-blockers, which lead to a decrease in tension in the smooth muscles of the urethra and bladder.
Bacterial prostatitis is often accompanied by a depressed state and frequent changes in the patient's mood. In such cases, the doctor recommends the use of drugs with a sedative effect.
If the disease is severe, the patient needs detoxification treatment, which consists of intravenous administration of glucose, saline with trace elements and vitamin complexes. It is important for a man to observe the drinking regime and drink at least 2 liters of clean water per day.
The treatment regimen for prostatitis with drugs should be aimed at normalizing blood circulation in the pelvic region and increasing the body's defenses. To do this, use:
- Complexes of vitamins and minerals.
- Antispasmodics.
- Immunomodulators.
- Biological.
In addition to taking medications, the doctor will recommend making microclysters with a decoction of medicinal herbs (chamomile, calendula). The use of topical preparations in the case of bacterial prostatitis should be strictly limited, since there is a high risk of various complications.
After the elimination of the inflammatory process, the patient is prescribed a physiotherapy treatment (electrical stimulation of the prostate, magnetotherapy, etc. ). They help speed recovery and are done on an outpatient basis.
In extreme cases, when taking drugs did not give the desired result, the doctor may decide on a surgical operation. This intervention consists of resection of the prostate and is generally performed in older men. Young people are not prescribed such treatment due to possible complications (enuresis, impotence, infertility).
If bacterial prostatitis becomes chronic, it is quite difficult to treat it. It should be remembered that it is no longer possible to do this at home.
Precautionary measures
The best prevention of bacterial prostatitis is an active lifestyle. This is due to the fact that the gland itself does not receive enough blood. Therefore, those who have a sedentary job should take regular breaks to walk a little or do special exercises (contraction of the muscles of the anus).
A contrast shower gives a good effect. In this case, a stream of water is directed directly to the perineal area. The use time of warm (hot) water is 30 seconds, cold, should not exceed 15 seconds. The average duration of the procedure should be 5 minutes.
Preventive measures also include:
- Avoiding hypothermia of the body.
- Fight constipation. If you cannot get rid of them on your own, you should consult a doctor who will recommend mild laxatives.
- Normalization of sexual activity (choosing a permanent partner, using a condom in case of doubtful contact, avoiding prolonged absences or overly active sexual relations).
- Regular preventive exam by a urologist for all men ages 40 to 45 years old.
Forecast
What are the consequences of bacterial prostatitis in a man? The success of treatment depends on how timely and competent the therapy was prescribed. In addition, this is influenced by the patient's age, lifestyle, stage of the disease, and the presence of other diseases of the body.
The acute phase responds well to drug treatment, which, after a few days, significantly improves the man's condition. But with improper treatment or its discontinuation, a relapse and transition of prostatitis to a chronic form is possible, which turns out to be much more difficult to cure.
To avoid the unpleasant consequences of bacterial prostatitis, it is important for a man to monitor his health, observe preventive measures, and in case of discomfort in the perineal region, consult a doctor.